ISO 18000-2 RFID Standards for 135 kHz Air Interface

International standard defining RFID air interface protocols for 135 kHz frequency band, widely used in automotive and motorcycle key systems for proximity detection, immobilizer functions, and secure transponder communication.

Standard Overview

Publication Date

2004 (Latest Revision)

Status

ISO/IEC International Standard

Application

RFID Air Interface

Frequency

135 kHz Band

RFID Technical Specifications

Operating Frequency

134.2 kHz ± 0.1%

Low frequency RFID band for automotive applications

  • Center frequency: 134.2 kHz
  • Tolerance: ±134 Hz
  • Bandwidth: 7 kHz

Modulation Schemes

ASK/FSK Modulation

Amplitude and frequency shift keying support

  • ASK: 10% to 100% modulation depth
  • FSK: ±7 kHz frequency deviation
  • Manchester encoding

Data Rates

Up to 8 kbps

Variable data rates for different applications

  • Type A: 6.62 kbps
  • Type B: 6.67 kbps
  • Automotive: 8 kbps

Automotive Applications

Vehicle Access Systems

Key fobs, immobilizers, and proximity detection

  • Immobilizer transponders
  • Keyless entry systems
  • Proximity detection

Anti-Collision

Multiple Tag Support

Protocols for handling multiple transponders

  • Time division multiple access
  • Collision detection algorithms
  • Sequential reading protocols

Read Range

Up to 1 meter

Typical operating distances for automotive use

  • Immobilizer: 2-10 cm
  • Proximity: 10-50 cm
  • Extended range: up to 1 m

Implementation Features

Transponder Design

Essential design considerations for ISO 18000-2 compliant transponders in automotive applications.

  • Antenna coil design and tuning for 135 kHz
  • Power harvesting from reader field
  • Memory organization and data structure
  • Low power consumption requirements

Reader Implementation

Critical design elements for RFID readers compliant with ISO 18000-2 standards.

  • Antenna design for optimal field distribution
  • Power amplifier and field strength control
  • Signal processing and demodulation
  • Anti-collision algorithm implementation

Security Features

Security implementations and authentication protocols for automotive RFID systems.

  • Cryptographic authentication protocols
  • Rolling code implementations
  • Secure key storage and management
  • Anti-cloning protection mechanisms